These key updates from 28 October 2025 include judicial, political, scientific, and defense developments of national and international importance — vital for UPSC, PSC, SSC, and other government exam preparation.
Chief Justice of India Appointment: Justice Surya Kant to Become 53rd CJI
Senior Justice Surya Kant has been recommended to become the 53rd Chief Justice of India by the current CJI Bhushan R. Gavai, whose term ends on November 23, 2025.
Justice Surya Kant will take oath on November 24, 2025, and serve until February 9, 2027.
Key Points:
As per tradition, the incumbent CJI recommends the successor’s name upon request from the Law Ministry.
Supreme Court judges retire at the age of 65 years.
The CJI is sworn in by the President of India.
About the Supreme Court of India:
Established: January 28, 1950
Constitutional Articles: 124–147
Sanctioned Strength: 34 judges
First CJI: Justice Harilal J. Kania
Location: New Delhi
Catherine Connolly Elected as Ireland’s 10th President
Independent left leader Catherine Connolly has been elected as the 10th President of Ireland, defeating her opponent Heather Humphreys.
Connolly, an MP from Galway West since 2016, also served as Deputy Speaker of Parliament.
General Information:
Capital: Dublin
Prime Minister: Micheál Martin
Currency: Euro (€)
Constitutional Link with India:
India adopted Directive Principles of State Policy, the method of Rajya Sabha nomination, and the President’s election process from Ireland’s Constitution.
National Science Awards 2025 Announced
The Government of India has announced the National Science Awards (Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar) 2025, similar to the Padma Awards.
Instituted in 2023, these awards are presented in four categories.
Award Categories and Recipients:
Vigyan Ratna Award 2025: Prof. Jayant Vishnu Narlikar (Astrophysicist)
Vigyan Shree Award 2025: Eight scientists, including Jayan N. (of Chandrayaan-3 team)
Vigyan Yuva Award 2025: 14 young scientists honored
Vigyan Team Award 2025: CSIR Aroma Mission (empowering rural livelihoods through aromatic crops)
Cambodia–Thailand Peace Agreement Signed
On October 26, 2025, Cambodia and Thailand signed a Peace Agreement in Kuala Lumpur during the ASEAN Summit, mediated by US President Donald Trump.
This came after border clashes between the two nations in July 2025.
Key Details:
Cambodia PM: Hun Manet | Capital: Phnom Penh | Currency: Riel
Thailand PM: Anutin Charnvirakul | Capital: Bangkok | Currency: Baht
Angkor Wat: World’s largest temple complex, located in Cambodia
Russia Tests Nuclear-Powered Cruise Missile “Burevestnik-9M730”
Russia successfully tested the world’s first nuclear-powered cruise missile, named Burevestnik-9M730 (NATO: SSC-X-9 Skyfall).
Specifications:
Feature | Details |
|---|---|
Engine | Nuclear Turbojet |
Range | Unlimited |
Altitude | 50–100 m |
Speed | 850–1300 km/h |
Flight Duration | 15 hours |
Distance Covered | 14,000 km |
The name “Burevestnik” means Sea Bird in Russian.
Indian Grandmasters Shine at European Chess Club Cup 2025
At the 40th European Chess Club Cup 2025 in Rhodes, Greece, Indian GMs D. Gukesh and Divya Deshmukh clinched gold medals.
D. Gukesh: Represented Super Chess Team
Divya Deshmukh: Represented Cercle d’Echecs de Monte-Carlo
Nihal Sarin: Won individual gold
South Asian Senior Athletics Championship 2025 – India Tops Medal Tally
The 4th South Asian Senior Athletics Championship 2025 was held at Birsa Munda Stadium, Ranchi (Jharkhand) from October 24–26, 2025.
Over 300 athletes from six countries participated.
Medal Tally:
Country | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
?? India | 20 | 20 | 18 | 58 |
?? Sri Lanka | 16 | 14 | 10 | 40 |
?? Nepal | 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 |
India Maritime Week 2025 Begins in Mumbai
The Ministry of Ports, Shipping & Waterways inaugurated India Maritime Week (IMW) 2025 in Mumbai (October 27–31).
The event was opened by Union Home Minister Amit Shah.
Highlights:
Theme: “Integration of the Oceans – A Maritime Perspective”
1 lakh+ delegates from 85+ countries participating
One of the largest global maritime conferences
India to Host Asia Pacific Accident Investigation Group (APSC-AIG) Meeting
India will host the APSC-AIG meeting and workshop for the first time in New Delhi from October 28–31, 2025.
Organized by the Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB) under the Ministry of Civil Aviation, this event will see participation from over 90 aircraft crash investigators from the Asia-Pacific region.
Election Commission Launches Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of Electoral Rolls
The Election Commission of India (ECI) has launched the Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of voter lists in 12 states and UTs, effective October 28, 2025, to February 7, 2026.
Objective:
Remove duplicate, relocated, or deceased voter names
Add newly eligible voters
Correct voter list errors
States Covered:
Andaman & Nicobar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Kerala, Lakshadweep, Madhya Pradesh, Puducherry, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal.
Constitutional Basis: Article 324 empowers the Election Commission to conduct elections and prepare electoral rolls.
